EPC explained: Energy Performance Certificates
What the energy rating means for buying, selling and renting a home.
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What an EPC is
An Energy Performance Certificate rates how energy efficient a home is, from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). It also estimates energy costs and suggests improvements, such as insulation or a new boiler.
When you need one
- Selling: you need a valid EPC when you put your home on the market.
- Renting out: landlords must give tenants a valid EPC.
- An EPC is usually valid for 10 years.
Landlords and minimum ratings
In England and Wales, most privately rented homes must meet a minimum EPC rating, currently E, unless an exemption applies. Check GOV.UK for the current rules, which are under review.
What it means for buyers
- A higher rating usually means lower energy bills.
- Look at the recommendations and estimated costs of improvements.
- Some lenders offer better rates on more efficient homes.
How to get or find an EPC
An accredited energy assessor visits the home and produces the certificate. You can look up existing EPCs for most homes on the government's EPC register.
Scotland has its own system: sellers include energy information in the Home Report. See Home Reports explained.
Frequently asked questions
How long does an EPC last?
Usually 10 years.
Can I rent out a home with an F or G rating?
In England and Wales most private lets must meet at least an E rating unless an exemption is registered. Check current rules on GOV.UK.
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